#1. For mountain waves to form there should be flow of air across the ridge, generally within _____ of the perpendicular to the ridge.
Mountain waves typically form when wind flows within 30° of perpendicular to the ridge.
#2. For mountain waves to form the wind speed for small mountains should be atleast
For small mountains, a minimum wind speed of 7 m/s is required for wave formation.
#3. For mountain waves to form the wind speed for large mountains should be atleast
For large mountains, stronger winds of at least 15 m/s are necessary.
#4. For mountain waves to form there should be _____ air below the ridge and less stable air above.
Mountain waves require stable air below the ridge and less stable air above.
#5. The worst kind of turbulence is encountered in the vicinity of rotor clouds.
Rotor clouds produce the most severe turbulence near mountains.
#6. In Mountain waves the Rotor clouds form in
Rotor clouds develop in troughs of mountain waves.
#7. Clear air turbulences is often encountered
CAT often occurs at jet stream boundaries where wind shear is strong.
#8. Most CAT occurs on the _____ of a jet stream and in the vicinity of upper level frontal zones where temperature contrasts are strong.
CAT usually occurs at the fringes of a jet stream.
#9. CAT is the bumpiness experienced by aircraft at high altitudes. Over North India its maximum frequency is during:
CAT over North India is most frequent from October to May.
#10. When approaching an area where mountain waves have been reported, a pilot should expect:
All listed phenomena can be expected near reported mountain wave areas.
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